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neo.core provides classes for storing common electrophysiological data types. Some of these classes contain raw data, such as spike trains or analog signals, while others are containers to organize other classes (including both data classes and other container classes).

Classes from neo.io return nested data structures containing one or more class from this module.

Classes:

class neo.core.Block(name=None, description=None, file_origin=None, file_datetime=None, rec_datetime=None, index=None, **annotations)

Main container for data.

Main container gathering all the data, whether discrete or continous, for a given recording session.

A block is not necessarily temporally homogeneous, in contrast to Segment.

Usage:

>>> from neo.core import (Block, Segment, RecordingChannelGroup,
...                       AnalogSignalArray)
>>> from quantities import nA, kHz
>>> import numpy as np
>>>
>>> # create a Block with 3 Segment and 2 RecordingChannelGroup objects
,,, blk = Block()
>>> for ind in range(3):
...     seg = Segment(name='segment %d' % ind, index=ind)
...     blk.segments.append(seg)
...
>>> for ind in range(2):
...     rcg = RecordingChannelGroup(name='Array probe %d' % ind,
...                                 channel_indexes=np.arange(64))
...     blk.recordingchannelgroups.append(rcg)
...
>>> # Populate the Block with AnalogSignalArray objects
... for seg in blk.segments:
...     for rcg in blk.recordingchannelgroups:
...         a = AnalogSignalArray(np.random.randn(10000, 64)*nA,
...                               sampling_rate=10*kHz)
...         rcg.analogsignalarrays.append(a)
...         seg.analogsignalarrays.append(a)
Required attributes/properties:
None
Recommended attributes/properties:
name:(str) A label for the dataset.
description:(str) Text description.
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
file_datetime:(datetime) The creation date and time of the original data file.
rec_datetime:(datetime) The date and time of the original recording.
index:(int) You can use this to define an ordering of your Block. It is not used by Neo in any way.
Properties available on this object:
list_units:descends through hierarchy and returns a list of Unit objects existing in the block. This shortcut exists because a common analysis case is analyzing all neurons that you recorded in a session.
list_recordingchannels:
 descends through hierarchy and returns a list of RecordingChannel objects existing in the block.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations.
Container of:
Segment RecordingChannelGroup
class neo.core.Segment(name=None, description=None, file_origin=None, file_datetime=None, rec_datetime=None, index=None, **annotations)

A container for data sharing a common time basis.

A Segment is a heterogeneous container for discrete or continous data sharing a common clock (time basis) but not necessary the same sampling rate, start or end time.

Usage::
>>> from neo.core import Segment, SpikeTrain, AnalogSignal
>>> from quantities import Hz, s
>>>
>>> seg = Segment(index=5)
>>>
>>> train0 = SpikeTrain(times=[.01, 3.3, 9.3], units='sec', t_stop=10)
>>> seg.spiketrains.append(train0)
>>>
>>> train1 = SpikeTrain(times=[100.01, 103.3, 109.3], units='sec',
...                     t_stop=110)
>>> seg.spiketrains.append(train1)
>>>
>>> sig0 = AnalogSignal(signal=[.01, 3.3, 9.3], units='uV',
...                     sampling_rate=1*Hz)
>>> seg.analogsignals.append(sig0)
>>>
>>> sig1 = AnalogSignal(signal=[100.01, 103.3, 109.3], units='nA',
...                     sampling_period=.1*s)
>>> seg.analogsignals.append(sig1)
Required attributes/properties:
None
Recommended attributes/properties:
name:(str) A label for the dataset.
description:(str) Text description.
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
file_datetime:(datetime) The creation date and time of the original data file.
rec_datetime:(datetime) The date and time of the original recording
index:(int) You can use this to define a temporal ordering of your Segment. For instance you could use this for trial numbers.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations.
Properties available on this object:
all_data:(list) A list of all child objects in the Segment.
Container of:
Epoch EpochArray Event EventArray AnalogSignal AnalogSignalArray IrregularlySampledSignal Spike SpikeTrain
class neo.core.RecordingChannelGroup(channel_names=None, channel_indexes=None, name=None, description=None, file_origin=None, **annotations)

A container for multiple data channels.

This container have sereval purpose:

Usage 1 multi Segment recording with 2 electrode array:

>>> from neo.core import (Block, Segment, RecordingChannelGroup,
...                       AnalogSignalArray)
>>> from quantities import nA, kHz
>>> import numpy as np
>>>
>>> # create a Block with 3 Segment and 2 RecordingChannelGroup objects
,,, blk = Block()
>>> for ind in range(3):
...     seg = Segment(name='segment %d' % ind, index=ind)
...     blk.segments.append(seg)
...
>>> for ind in range(2):
...     rcg = RecordingChannelGroup(name='Array probe %d' % ind,
...                                 channel_indexes=np.arange(64))
...     blk.recordingchannelgroups.append(rcg)
...
>>> # Populate the Block with AnalogSignalArray objects
... for seg in blk.segments:
...     for rcg in blk.recordingchannelgroups:
...         a = AnalogSignalArray(np.random.randn(10000, 64)*nA,
...                               sampling_rate=10*kHz)
...         rcg.analogsignalarrays.append(a)
...         seg.analogsignalarrays.append(a)

Usage 2 grouping channel:

>>> from neo.core import (Block, RecordingChannelGroup,
...                       RecordingChannel)
>>> import numpy as np
>>>
>>> # Create a Block
,,, blk = Block()
>>>
>>> # Create a new RecordingChannelGroup and add it to the Block
... rcg = RecordingChannelGroup(channel_names=np.array(['ch0',
...                                                     'ch1',
...                                                     'ch2']))
>>> rcg.channel_indexes = np.array([0, 1, 2])
>>> blk.recordingchannelgroups.append(rcg)
>>>
>>> # Create 3 RecordingChannel objects and add them to the Block
... for ind in range(3):
...     chan = RecordingChannel(index=ind)
...     rcg.recordingchannels.append(chan)  # <- many to many
,,,                                         # relationship
...     chan.recordingchannelgroups.append(rcg)  # <- many to many
...                                              #    relationship

Usage 3 dealing with Unit objects:

>>> from neo.core import Block, RecordingChannelGroup, Unit
>>>
>>> # Create a Block
... blk = Block()
>>>
>>> # Create a new RecordingChannelGroup and add it to the Block
... rcg = RecordingChannelGroup(name='octotrode A')
>>> blk.recordingchannelgroups.append(rcg)
>>>
>>> # create several Unit objects and add them to the
>>> # RecordingChannelGroup
... for ind in range(5):
...     unit = Unit(name = 'unit %d' % ind, description=
...                 'after a long and hard spike sorting')
...     rcg.units.append(unit)
Required attributes/properties:
None
Recommended attributes/properties:
name:(str) A label for the dataset.
description:(str) Text description.
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
channel_names:(numpy.array 1D dtype=’S’) Names for each RecordingChannel.
channel_indexes:
 (numpy.array 1D dtype=’i’) Index of each RecordingChannel.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations.
Container of:
RecordingChannel AnalogSignalArray Unit
class neo.core.RecordingChannel(index=0, coordinate=None, name=None, description=None, file_origin=None, **annotations)

A container for recordings coming from a single data channel.

A RecordingChannel is a container for AnalogSignal and IrregularlySampledSignal`objects that come from the same logical and/or physical channel inside a :class:`Block.

Note that a RecordingChannel can belong to several RecordingChannelGroup objects.

Usage one Block with 3 Segment objects, 16 RecordingChannel objects, and 48 AnalogSignal objects:

>>> from neo.core import (Block, Segment, RecordingChannelGroup,
...                       RecordingChannel, AnalogSignal)
>>> from quantities import mA, Hz
>>> import numpy as np
>>>
>>> # Create a Block
... blk = Block()
>>>
>>> # Create a new RecordingChannelGroup and add it to the Block
... rcg = RecordingChannelGroup(name='all channels')
>>> blk.recordingchannelgroups.append(rcg)
>>>
>>> # Create 3 Segment and 16 RecordingChannel objects and add them to
... # the Block
... for ind in range(3):
...     seg = Segment(name='segment %d' % ind, index=ind)
...     blk.segments.append(seg)
...
>>> for ind in range(16):
...     chan = RecordingChannel(index=ind)
...     rcg.recordingchannels.append(chan)  # <- many to many
...                                         #    relationship
...     chan.recordingchannelgroups.append(rcg)  # <- many to many
...                                              #    relationship
...
>>> # Populate the Block with AnalogSignal objects
... for seg in blk.segments:
...     for chan in rcg.recordingchannels:
...         sig = AnalogSignal(np.random.rand(100000)*mA,
...                            sampling_rate=20*Hz)
...         seg.analogsignals.append(sig)
...         chan.analogsignals.append(sig)
Required attributes/properties:
index:(int) You can use this to order RecordingChannel objects in an way you want.
Recommended attributes/properties:
name:(str) A label for the dataset.
description:(str) Text description.
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
coordinate:(quantity array 1D (x, y, z)) Coordinates of the channel in the brain.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations.
Container of:
AnalogSignal IrregularlySampledSignal
class neo.core.Unit(name=None, description=None, file_origin=None, channel_indexes=None, **annotations)

A container of Spike and SpikeTrain objects from a unit.

A Unit regroups all the SpikeTrain and Spike objects that were emitted by a single spike source during a Block. A spike source is often a single neuron but doesn’t have to be. The spikes may come from different Segment objects within the Block, so this object is not contained in the usual Block/ Segment/SpikeTrain hierarchy.

A Unit is linked to RecordingChannelGroup objects from which it was detected. With tetrodes, for instance, multiple channels may record the same Unit.

Usage:

>>> from neo.core import Unit, SpikeTrain
>>>
>>> unit = Unit(name='pyramidal neuron')
>>>
>>> train0 = SpikeTrain(times=[.01, 3.3, 9.3], units='sec', t_stop=10)
>>> unit.spiketrains.append(train0)
>>>
>>> train1 = SpikeTrain(times=[100.01, 103.3, 109.3], units='sec',
...                  t_stop=110)
>>> unit.spiketrains.append(train1)
Required attributes/properties:
None
Recommended attributes/properties:
name:(str) A label for the dataset.
description:(str) Text description.
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
channel_index:(numpy array 1D dtype=’i’) You can use this to order Unit objects in an way you want. It can have any number of elements. AnalogSignal and AnalogSignalArray objects can be given indexes as well so related objects can be linked together.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations.
Container of:
SpikeTrain Spike
class neo.core.AnalogSignal(signal, units=None, dtype=None, copy=True, t_start=array(0.0) * s, sampling_rate=None, sampling_period=None, name=None, file_origin=None, description=None, channel_index=None, **annotations)

A continuous analog signal.

A representation of a continuous, analog signal acquired at time t_start at a certain sampling rate.

Inherits from quantities.Quantity, which in turn inherits from numpy.ndarray.

Usage:

>>> from neo.core import AnalogSignal
>>> from quantities import kHz, ms, nA, s, uV
>>> import numpy as np
>>>
>>> sig0 = AnalogSignal([1, 2, 3], sampling_rate=0.42*kHz,
...                     units='mV')
>>> sig1 = AnalogSignal([4, 5, 6]*nA, sampling_period=42*ms)
>>> sig2 = AnalogSignal(np.array([1.0, 2.0, 3.0]), t_start=42*ms,
...                     sampling_rate=0.42*kHz, units=uV)
>>> sig3 = AnalogSignal([1], units='V', day='Monday',
...                     sampling_period=1*s)
>>>
>>> sig3
<AnalogSignal(array([1]) * V, [0.0 s, 1.0 s], sampling rate: 1.0 1/s)>
>>> sig3.annotations['day']
'Monday'
>>> sig3[0]
array(1) * V
>>> sig3[::2]
<AnalogSignal(array([1]) * V, [0.0 s, 2.0 s], sampling rate: 0.5 1/s)>
Required attributes/properties:
signal:(quantity array 1D, numpy array 1D, or list) The data itself.
units:(quantity units) Required if the signal is a list or NumPy array, not if it is a Quantity
sampling_rate:or :sampling_period: (quantity scalar) Number of samples per unit time or interval between two samples. If both are specified, they are checked for consistency.
Recommended attributes/properties:
name:(str) A label for the dataset.
description:(str) Text description.
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
t_start:(quantity scalar) Time when signal begins. Default: 0.0 seconds
channel_index:(int) You can use this to order AnalogSignal objects in an way you want. AnalogSignalArray and Unit objects can be given indexes as well so related objects can be linked together.
Optional attributes/properties:
dtype:(numpy dtype or str) Override the dtype of the signal array.
copy:(bool) True by default.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations.
Properties available on this object:
sampling_rate:(quantity scalar) Number of samples per unit time. (1/sampling_period)
sampling_period:
 (quantity scalar) Interval between two samples. (1/sampling_rate)
duration:(quantity scalar) Signal duration, read-only. (size * sampling_period)
t_stop:(quantity scalar) Time when signal ends, read-only. (t_start + duration)
times:(quantity 1D) The time points of each sample of the signal, read-only. (t_start + arange(shape)/sampling_rate)
Slicing:
AnalogSignal objects can be sliced. When this occurs, a new AnalogSignal (actually a view) is returned, with the same metadata, except that sampling_period is changed if the step size is greater than 1, and t_start is changed if the start index is greater than 0. Getting a single item returns a Quantity scalar.
Operations available on this object:
== != + * /
class neo.core.AnalogSignalArray(signal, units=None, dtype=None, copy=True, t_start=array(0.0) * s, sampling_rate=None, sampling_period=None, name=None, file_origin=None, description=None, channel_index=None, **annotations)

Several continuous analog signals

A representation of several continuous, analog signals that have the same duration, sampling rate and start time. Basically, it is a 2D array like AnalogSignal: dim 0 is time, dim 1 is channel index

Inherits from quantities.Quantity, which in turn inherits from numpy.ndarray.

Usage:

>>> from neo.core import AnalogSignalArray
>>> import quantities as pq
>>>
>>> sigarr = AnalogSignalArray([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], units='V',
...                            sampling_rate=1*pq.Hz)
>>>
>>> sigarr
<AnalogSignalArray(array([[1, 2, 3],
      [4, 5, 6]]) * mV, [0.0 s, 2.0 s], sampling rate: 1.0 Hz)>
>>> sigarr[:,1]
<AnalogSignal(array([2, 5]) * V, [0.0 s, 2.0 s],
    sampling rate: 1.0 Hz)>
>>> sigarr[1, 1]
array(5) * V
Required attributes/properties:
signal:(quantity array 2D, numpy array 2D, or list (data, chanel)) The data itself.
units:(quantity units) Required if the signal is a list or NumPy array, not if it is a Quantity
t_start:(quantity scalar) Time when signal begins
sampling_rate:or :sampling_period: (quantity scalar) Number of samples per unit time or interval between two samples. If both are specified, they are checked for consistency.
Recommended attributes/properties:
name:(str) A label for the dataset.
description:(str) Text description.
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
channel_index:(numpy array 1D dtype=’i’) You can use this to order the columns of the signal in any way you want. It should have the same number of elements as the signal has columns. AnalogSignal and Unit objects can be given indexes as well so related objects can be linked together.
Optional attributes/properties:
dtype:(numpy dtype or str) Override the dtype of the signal array.
copy:(bool) True by default.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations.
Properties available on this object:
sampling_rate:(quantity scalar) Number of samples per unit time. (1/sampling_period)
sampling_period:
 (quantity scalar) Interval between two samples. (1/quantity scalar)
duration:(Quantity) Signal duration, read-only. (size * sampling_period)
t_stop:(quantity scalar) Time when signal ends, read-only. (t_start + duration)
times:(quantity 1D) The time points of each sample of the signal, read-only. (t_start + arange(shape`[0])/:attr:`sampling_rate)
channel_indexes:
 (numpy array 1D dtype=’i’) The same as channel_index, read-only.
Slicing:
AnalogSignalArray objects can be sliced. When taking a single row (dimension 1, e.g. [:, 0]), a AnalogSignal is returned. When taking a single element, a Quantity is returned. Otherwise a AnalogSignalArray (actually a view) is returned, with the same metadata, except that t_start is changed if the start index along dimension 1 is greater than 1. Getting a single item returns a Quantity scalar.
Operations available on this object:
== != + * /
class neo.core.IrregularlySampledSignal(times, signal, units=None, time_units=None, dtype=None, copy=True, name=None, description=None, file_origin=None, **annotations)

An analog signal with samples taken at arbitrary time points.

A representation of a continuous, analog signal acquired at time t_start with a varying sampling interval.

Usage:

>>> from neo.core import IrregularlySampledSignal
>>> from quantities import s, nA
>>>
>>> irsig0 = IrregularlySampledSignal([0.0, 1.23, 6.78], [1, 2, 3],
...                                   units='mV', time_units='ms')
>>> irsig1 = IrregularlySampledSignal([0.01, 0.03, 0.12]*s,
...                                   [4, 5, 6]*nA)
Required attributes/properties:
times:(quantity array 1D, numpy array 1D, or list) The data itself.
signal:(quantity array 1D, numpy array 1D, or list) The time of each data point. Must have the same size as times.
units:(quantity units) Required if the signal is a list or NumPy array, not if it is a Quantity.
time_units:(quantity units) Required if :attr`times` is a list or NumPy array, not if it is a Quantity.
Recommended attributes/properties:.
name:(str) A label for the dataset
description:(str) Text description.
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
Optional attributes/properties:
dtype:(numpy dtype or str) Override the dtype of the signal array. (times are always floats).
copy:(bool) True by default.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations.
Properties available on this object:
sampling_intervals:
 (quantity array 1D) Interval between each adjacent pair of samples. (times[1:] - :attr:`times`[:-1])
duration:(quantity scalar) Signal duration, read-only. (:attr:`times`[-1] - :attr:`times`[0])
t_start:(quantity scalar) Time when signal begins, read-only. (:attr:`times`[0])
t_stop:(quantity scalar) Time when signal ends, read-only. (:attr:`times`[-1])
Slicing:
IrregularlySampledSignal objects can be sliced. When this occurs, a new IrregularlySampledSignal (actually a view) is returned, with the same metadata, except that times is also sliced in the same way.
Operations available on this object:
== != + * /
class neo.core.Event(time, label, name=None, description=None, file_origin=None, **annotations)

An event occuring at a particular point in time.

Useful for managing trigger, stimulus, comment, etc.

Usage:

>>> from neo.core import Event
>>> from quantities import s
>>>
>>> evt = Event(50*s, label='trigger')
>>>
>>> evt.time
array(50.0) * s
>>> evt.label
'trigger'
Required attributes/properties:
time:(quantity scalar) The time of the event.
label:(str) Name or label for the event.
Recommended attributes/properties:
name:(str) A label for the dataset.
description:(str) Text description.
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations.
class neo.core.EventArray(times=None, labels=None, name=None, description=None, file_origin=None, **annotations)

Array of events. Introduced for performance reasons.

An EventArray is prefered to a list of Event objects.

Usage:

>>> from neo.core import EventArray
>>> from quantities import s
>>> import numpy as np
>>>
>>> evtarr = EventArray(np.arange(0, 30, 10)*s,
...                     labels=np.array(['trig0', 'trig1', 'trig2'],
...                                     dtype='S'))
>>>
>>> evtarr.times
array([  0.,  10.,  20.]) * s
>>> evtarr.labels
array(['trig0', 'trig1', 'trig2'],
      dtype='|S5')
Required attributes/properties:
times:(quantity array 1D) The time of the events.
labels:(numpy.array 1D dtype=’S’) Names or labels for the events.
Recommended attributes/properties:
name:(str) A label for the dataset.
description:(str) Text description.
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations.
class neo.core.Epoch(time, duration, label, name=None, description=None, file_origin=None, **annotations)

A period of time with a start point and duration.

Similar to Event but with a duration. Useful for describing a period, the state of a subject, etc.

Usage:

>>> from neo.core import Epoch
>>> from quantities import s, ms
>>>
>>> epc = Epoch(time=50*s, duration=200*ms, label='button pressed')
>>>
>>> epc.time
array(50.0) * s
>>> epc.duration
array(200.0) * ms
>>> epc.label
'button pressed'
Required attributes/properties:
time:(quantity scalar) The start of the time period.
duration:(quantity scalar) The length of the time period.
label:(str) A name or label for the time period.
Recommended attributes/properties:
name:(str) A label for the dataset.
description:(str) Text description.
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations.
class neo.core.EpochArray(times=None, durations=None, labels=None, name=None, description=None, file_origin=None, **annotations)

Array of epochs. Introduced for performance reason.

An EpochArray is prefered to a list of Epoch objects.

Usage:

>>> from neo.core import EpochArray
>>> from quantities import s, ms
>>> import numpy as np
>>>
>>> epcarr = EpochArray(times=np.arange(0, 30, 10)*s,
...                     durations=[10, 5, 7]*ms,
...                     labels=np.array(['btn0', 'btn1', 'btn2'],
...                                     dtype='S'))
>>>
>>> epcarr.times
array([  0.,  10.,  20.]) * s
>>> epcarr.durations
array([ 10.,   5.,   7.]) * ms
>>> epcarr.labels
array(['btn0', 'btn1', 'btn2'],
      dtype='|S4')
Required attributes/properties:
times:(quantity array 1D) The starts of the time periods.
durations:(quantity array 1D) The length of the time period.
labels:(numpy.array 1D dtype=’S’) Names or labels for the time periods.
Recommended attributes/properties:
name:(str) A label for the dataset,
description:(str) Text description,
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations,
class neo.core.Spike(time=array(0.0) * s, waveform=None, sampling_rate=None, left_sweep=None, name=None, description=None, file_origin=None, **annotations)

A single spike.

Object to represent one spike emitted by a Unit and represented by its time occurence and optional waveform.

Usage::
>>> from quantities import s
>>> spk = Spike(3*s)
>>> spk.time
array(3.0) * s
Required attributes/properties:
time:(quantity) The time of the spike.
Recommended attributes/properties:
name:(str) A label for the dataset.
description:(str) Text description.
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
waveforms:(quantity array 2D (channel_index, time)) The waveform of the spike.
sampling_rate:(quantity scalar) Number of samples per unit time for the waveform.
left_sweep:(quantity scalar) Time from the beginning of the waveform to the trigger time of the spike.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations.
Properties available on this object:
sampling_period:
 (quantity scalar) Interval between two samples. (1/sampling_rate)
duration:(quantity scalar) Duration of waveform, read-only. (waveform.shape[1] * sampling_period)
right_sweep:(quantity scalar) Time from the trigger time of the spike to the end of the waveform, read-only. (left_sweep + duration)
class neo.core.SpikeTrain(times, t_stop, units=None, dtype=<type 'float'>, copy=True, sampling_rate=array(1.0) * Hz, t_start=array(0.0) * s, waveforms=None, left_sweep=None, name=None, file_origin=None, description=None, **annotations)

SpikeTrain is a Quantity array of spike times.

It is an ensemble of action potentials (spikes) emitted by the same unit in a period of time.

Usage:

>>> from neo.core import SpikeTrain
>>> from quantities import s
>>>
>>> train = SpikeTrain([3, 4, 5]*s, t_stop=10.0)
>>> train2 = train[1:3]
>>>
>>> train.t_start
array(0.0) * s
>>> train.t_stop
array(10.0) * s
>>> train
<SpikeTrain(array([ 3.,  4.,  5.]) * s, [0.0 s, 10.0 s])>
>>> train2
<SpikeTrain(array([ 4.,  5.]) * s, [0.0 s, 10.0 s])>
Required attributes/properties:
times:(quantity array 1D, numpy array 1D, or list) The times of each spike.
units:(quantity units) Required if times is a list or ndarray, not if it is a Quantity.
t_stop:(quantity scalar, numpy scalar, or float) Time at which SpikeTrain ended. This will be converted to the same units as times. This argument is required because it specifies the period of time over which spikes could have occurred. Note that t_start is highly recommended for the same reason.

Note: If times contains values outside of the range [t_start, t_stop], an Exception is raised.

Recommended attributes/properties:
name:(str) A label for the dataset.
description:(str) Text description.
file_origin:(str) Filesystem path or URL of the original data file.
t_start:(quantity scalar, numpy scalar, or float) Time at which SpikeTrain began. This will be converted to the same units as times. Default: 0.0 seconds.
waveforms:(quantity array 3D (spike, channel_index, time)) The waveforms of each spike.
sampling_rate:(quantity scalar) Number of samples per unit time for the waveforms.
left_sweep:(quantity array 1D) Time from the beginning of the waveform to the trigger time of the spike.
sort:(bool) If True, the spike train will be sorted by time.
Optional attributes/properties:
dtype:(numpy dtype or str) Override the dtype of the signal array.
copy:(bool) Whether to copy the times array. True by default. Must be True when you request a change of units or dtype.
Note: Any other additional arguments are assumed to be user-specific
metadata and stored in annotations.
Properties available on this object:
sampling_period:
 (quantity scalar) Interval between two samples. (1/sampling_rate)
duration:(quantity scalar) Duration over which spikes can occur, read-only. (t_stop - t_start)
spike_duration:(quantity scalar) Duration of a waveform, read-only. (waveform.shape[2] * sampling_period)
right_sweep:(quantity scalar) Time from the trigger times of the spikes to the end of the waveforms, read-only. (left_sweep + spike_duration)
times:(SpikeTrain) Returns the SpikeTrain without modification or copying.
Slicing:
SpikeTrain objects can be sliced. When this occurs, a new SpikeTrain (actually a view) is returned, with the same metadata, except that waveforms is also sliced in the same way (along dimension 0). Note that t_start and t_stop are not changed automatically, although you can still manually change them.

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