Support for unittest.TestCase / Integration of fixtures

pytest has support for running Python unittest.py style tests. It’s meant for leveraging existing unittest-style projects to use pytest features. Concretely, pytest will automatically collect unittest.TestCase subclasses and their test methods in test files. It will invoke typical setup/teardown methods and generally try to make test suites written to run on unittest, to also run using pytest. We assume here that you are familiar with writing unittest.TestCase style tests and rather focus on integration aspects.

Usage

After Installation type:

pytest

and you should be able to run your unittest-style tests if they are contained in test_* modules. If that works for you then you can make use of most pytest features, for example --pdb debugging in failures, using plain assert-statements, more informative tracebacks, stdout-capturing or distributing tests to multiple CPUs via the -nNUM option if you installed the pytest-xdist plugin. Please refer to the general pytest documentation for many more examples.

Note

Running tests from unittest.TestCase subclasses with --pdb will disable tearDown and cleanup methods for the case that an Exception occurs. This allows proper post mortem debugging for all applications which have significant logic in their tearDown machinery. However, supporting this feature has the following side effect: If people overwrite unittest.TestCase __call__ or run, they need to to overwrite debug in the same way (this is also true for standard unittest).

Mixing pytest fixtures into unittest.TestCase style tests

Running your unittest with pytest allows you to use its fixture mechanism with unittest.TestCase style tests. Assuming you have at least skimmed the pytest fixture features, let’s jump-start into an example that integrates a pytest db_class fixture, setting up a class-cached database object, and then reference it from a unittest-style test:

# content of conftest.py

# we define a fixture function below and it will be "used" by
# referencing its name from tests

import pytest

@pytest.fixture(scope="class")
def db_class(request):
    class DummyDB:
        pass
    # set a class attribute on the invoking test context
    request.cls.db = DummyDB()

This defines a fixture function db_class which - if used - is called once for each test class and which sets the class-level db attribute to a DummyDB instance. The fixture function achieves this by receiving a special request object which gives access to the requesting test context such as the cls attribute, denoting the class from which the fixture is used. This architecture de-couples fixture writing from actual test code and allows re-use of the fixture by a minimal reference, the fixture name. So let’s write an actual unittest.TestCase class using our fixture definition:

# content of test_unittest_db.py

import unittest
import pytest

@pytest.mark.usefixtures("db_class")
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_method1(self):
        assert hasattr(self, "db")
        assert 0, self.db   # fail for demo purposes

    def test_method2(self):
        assert 0, self.db   # fail for demo purposes

The @pytest.mark.usefixtures("db_class") class-decorator makes sure that the pytest fixture function db_class is called once per class. Due to the deliberately failing assert statements, we can take a look at the self.db values in the traceback:

$ pytest test_unittest_db.py
======= test session starts ========
platform linux -- Python 3.5.2, pytest-3.0.3, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.4.0
rootdir: $REGENDOC_TMPDIR, inifile:
collected 2 items

test_unittest_db.py FF

======= FAILURES ========
_______ MyTest.test_method1 ________

self = <test_unittest_db.MyTest testMethod=test_method1>

    def test_method1(self):
        assert hasattr(self, "db")
>       assert 0, self.db   # fail for demo purposes
E       AssertionError: <conftest.db_class.<locals>.DummyDB object at 0xdeadbeef>
E       assert 0

test_unittest_db.py:9: AssertionError
_______ MyTest.test_method2 ________

self = <test_unittest_db.MyTest testMethod=test_method2>

    def test_method2(self):
>       assert 0, self.db   # fail for demo purposes
E       AssertionError: <conftest.db_class.<locals>.DummyDB object at 0xdeadbeef>
E       assert 0

test_unittest_db.py:12: AssertionError
======= 2 failed in 0.12 seconds ========

This default pytest traceback shows that the two test methods share the same self.db instance which was our intention when writing the class-scoped fixture function above.

autouse fixtures and accessing other fixtures

Although it’s usually better to explicitly declare use of fixtures you need for a given test, you may sometimes want to have fixtures that are automatically used in a given context. After all, the traditional style of unittest-setup mandates the use of this implicit fixture writing and chances are, you are used to it or like it.

You can flag fixture functions with @pytest.fixture(autouse=True) and define the fixture function in the context where you want it used. Let’s look at an initdir fixture which makes all test methods of a TestCase class execute in a temporary directory with a pre-initialized samplefile.ini. Our initdir fixture itself uses the pytest builtin tmpdir fixture to delegate the creation of a per-test temporary directory:

# content of test_unittest_cleandir.py
import pytest
import unittest

class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
    def initdir(self, tmpdir):
        tmpdir.chdir() # change to pytest-provided temporary directory
        tmpdir.join("samplefile.ini").write("# testdata")

    def test_method(self):
        s = open("samplefile.ini").read()
        assert "testdata" in s

Due to the autouse flag the initdir fixture function will be used for all methods of the class where it is defined. This is a shortcut for using a @pytest.mark.usefixtures("initdir") marker on the class like in the previous example.

Running this test module ...:

$ pytest -q test_unittest_cleandir.py
.
1 passed in 0.12 seconds

... gives us one passed test because the initdir fixture function was executed ahead of the test_method.

Note

While pytest supports receiving fixtures via test function arguments for non-unittest test methods, unittest.TestCase methods cannot directly receive fixture function arguments as implementing that is likely to inflict on the ability to run general unittest.TestCase test suites. Maybe optional support would be possible, though. If unittest finally grows a plugin system that should help as well. In the meanwhile, the above usefixtures and autouse examples should help to mix in pytest fixtures into unittest suites. And of course you can also start to selectively leave away the unittest.TestCase subclassing, use plain asserts and get the unlimited pytest feature set.

Converting from unittest to pytest

If you want to convert your unittest testcases to pytest, there are some helpers like unittest2pytest, which uses lib2to3 and introspection for the transformation.